A string is a sequence of characters. You can access the characters one at a time with the bracket operator. The expression in brackets is called an index. The index indicates which character in the sequence you want to print.

name="Mr. X"
l = name[0]
print(l)

Getting the length of a string using len() function:

print(len(name))

To get the last letter of a string, you might try this:

print(l[len(l)-1])

Alternatively, you can use negative indices, which count backward from the end of the string. The expression l[-1] yields the last letter, l[-2] yields the second to last, and so on.

print(name[-1])
print(name[-2])

Traversing a  string with a loop:

One way to write a traversal is with a while loop:

i = 0
while i < len(name): 
    letter = name[i] 
    print(letter) 
    i = i + 1

One way to write a traversal is with a for loop:

for char in name:
    print(char)

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String slices

A segment of a string is called a slice. Selecting a slice is similar to selecting a character:

s = 'Make Me Analyst'
print(s[0:4])
print(s[8:len(s)])
print(s[:4])
print(s[:len(s)])

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Strings are immutable:

Strings are immutable in Python. It means you can’t change an existing string. Let’s try the below example:

str = 'Make Me Analyst'
str[0]='T'

If you run the above coce you will get an error like this: TypeError: ‘str’ object does not support item assignment
The reason for the error is that strings are immutable. g. The best you can do is create a new string that is a
variation on the original:

str = 'Make Me Analyst'
new_str='Hi! '+ str[8:len(str)]

This example concatenates a new first word onto a slice of the string and it has no effect on the original string.

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Looping and counting

The following program counts the number of times the letter “M” appears in a string:

str = 'Make Me Analyst'
count = 0
for letter in str:
    if letter == 'M':
        count = count + 1
print(count)

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The in operator in Python:

str = 'Make Me Analyst'
a='Analyst' in str
print(a)
b='x' in str
print(b)

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String comparison:

The comparison operators work on strings.  Following code checks if two strings are equal:

word='Analyst'
if word=='Analyst':
    print('Both are same!')

Some comparison operations are useful for putting words in alphabetical order:

word='Orange'
if word < 'Apple': 
    print('Your word, ' + word + ', comes before Apple')
elif word > 'Apple': 
    print('Your word, ' + word + ', comes after Apple.')
else: 
    print('All right, Orange!!!')

Note: Python does not handle uppercase and lowercase letters the same way that people do. All the uppercase letters come before all the lowercase letters

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